What Does English: Dvs - Descriptive Video Service Mean

Audio description, also referred to as a video description, described video, or more precisely called a visual description, is a form of narration used to provide information surrounding central visual elements in a media piece of work (such every bit a picture show or television set program, or theatrical performance) for the benefit of blind and visually impaired consumers. These narrations are typically placed during natural pauses in the sound, and sometimes during dialogue if deemed necessary.^[one]

In museums or visual art exhibitions, sound described tours (or universally designed tours that include clarification or the augmentation of existing recorded programs on sound- or videotape), are used to provide access to visitors who are blind or accept depression vision. Docents or tour guides tin can exist trained to utilize audio description in their presentations.^[two]

In moving picture and television, description is typically delivered via a secondary audio rails. In North America, 2d audio program (SAP) is typically used to deliver audio clarification past television broadcasters. To promote accessibility, some countries (such as Canada and the Usa) accept implemented requirements for broadcasters to air specific quotas of programming containing audio clarification.

History [edit]

This article is missing information about History in regards to theatrical use. Delight aggrandize the article to include this information. Further details may exist on the talk page. (April 2019)

Silent films could naturally be enjoyed by the deafened due to the lack of spoken dialogue or sound whatsoever. The transition to "talkies" in the belatedly 1920s displaced this audition, just resulted in a push button to make them attainable to the visually impaired. The New York Times documented the "get-go talking picture e'er shown especially for the bullheaded" — a 1929 screening of Bulldog Drummond attended past members of the New York Association for the Blind and New York League for the Hard of Hearing, which offered a live description for the visually-impaired portion of the audition.^[3] In the 1940s and 1950s, Radio Nacional de España aired alive audio simulcasts of films from cinemas with descriptions, framing these as a form of radio drama before the advent of television.^[3]

In the 1980s, the Media Access Group of U.S. public television station WGBH-TV (which had already gained notability for their involvement in developing closed captioning)^[iv] developed an implementation of sound description for television programming via second sound program (SAP), which it branded as "Descriptive Video Service" (DVS). Information technology was developed in consultation with Dr. Margaret Pfanstiehl of Washington, D.C., who had performed descriptions at theatrical performances and had run a radio reading service known every bit the Washington Ear. Subsequently iv years of evolution and on-air trials (which included a proof of concept that aired the descriptions on a radio station in simulcast with the television airing), WGBH officially launched audio clarification via 32 participating PBS member stations, offset with the new season of American Playhouse on Jan 24, 1990.^{[5] [6] [iii]}

In the 1990s at cinemas in California, RP International began to offer audio descriptions for theatrical films under the brand TheatreVision, relayed via earpieces to those who request it. A clip from Schindler's List was used to pitch the concept to the pic's producers Gerald Molen and Branko Lustig, and 1 of the commencement films to be presented in this format was Forrest Gump (1994). TheatreVision sought notable personalities and celebrities to volunteer in providing these narrations, such as sportscaster Vin Scully, William Shatner, Monty Hall, and former U.Due south. president George H. Due west. Bush (for It's a Wonderful Life). Sometimes the narrator had ties to the motion picture or was office of its cast; Irene Bedard described Pocahontas—a picture show where she had voiced the title character, and for the 1994 remake of Little Women, stars from previous versions of the flick volunteered, including June Allyson, Margaret O'Brien, and Janet Leigh (whose grandmother was blind) from the 1949 version of the picture, as well as Katharine Hepburn—star of the 1933 version.^{[7] [8]} Other companies emerged in providing descriptions for programming in the U.South., including the National Captioning Found, Narrative Goggle box Network, and others.^[8]

In the UK Audio Clarification services were fabricated bachelor on the BBC and ITV after a collaborative project with industry partners. In 2000, the BBC voluntarily committed to providing descriptions for at least 20% of its programming annually. In practice, the BBC has often exceeded these targets. In 2009, BBC iPlayer became the first streaming video on-demand service in the world to back up AD where every programme that was broadcast with Advert too had AD on BBC iPlayer.^{[9] [x] [11] [12]} On Jan 29, 2009, The Attainable Channel was launched in Canada, which broadcasts "open" audio descriptions on all programming via the chief audio track.^{[xiii] [14]} Audio description has also been extended to alive events, including sporting events, the ceremonies of the Olympic and Paralympic Games, and the imperial wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton, among others.^{[fifteen] [16] [17]}

In Apr 2015, the subscription streaming service Netflix appear that it had added back up for sound description, beginning with Daredevil—a series based on a comic book character who himself is blind, and would add together descriptions to current and past original series on the platform over time.^{[18] [xix]} The following year, every bit part of a settlement with the American Council of the Bullheaded, Netflix agreed to provide descriptions for its original serial inside thirty days of their premiere, and add screen reader support and the ability to scan content by availability of descriptions.^[xx]

On June 17, 2016, Pornhub appear that it would launch a collection of pornographic videos with audio descriptions. The initiative is sponsored by the website's philanthropic arm Pornhub Cares.^[21]

In the tardily-2010s, Procter & Gamble began to add descriptions to some of its television commercials, start in the United Kingdom, and later Kingdom of spain and the United States.^[22]

Legal mandates in television broadcasting [edit]

Canada [edit]

"D))" Described Video logo used for onscreen bugs

"((DV))" Described Video logo and discover

Under Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) rules, broadcast goggle box stations and former Category A services that dedicated more half of their programming to comedy, drama, or long-form documentary programs, were required to broadcast at to the lowest degree four hours of programming with audio descriptions (known in Canadian English equally described video) per-week, with two hours of this "original" to the channel per-week. These programs must have been drawn from children'south, comedy, drama, long-course documentaries, general entertainment and human interest, reality, or variety genres. Broadcasters must also promote the availability of DV programming, including ambulation a standard audiovisual bumper and logo at the beginning of all programs offering clarification (the CRTC officially recommends that this proclamation be repeated later the conclusion of each commercial intermission, but this is not typically practiced).^{[23] [24]} All boob tube providers are likewise required to conduct AMI-tv set (formerly The Accessible Aqueduct), a specialty channel that broadcasts all programming with descriptions on the principal sound track.^[14]

On March 26, 2015, the CRTC appear that beginning September 1, 2019, most circulate and specialty networks owned by vertically integrated conglomerates, as well as whatever aqueduct previously subject to license conditions specifying minimums for DV, are required to supply described video for any prime number-fourth dimension programming (7:00 p.1000. to 11:00 p.grand.) that falls within the aforementioned genres. The requirement that a quota of DV programming be "original" to the network was as well dropped.^[24] Citing the possibility that not plenty imported U.S. programming may be supplied with descriptions for their first airing, and the burden this may place on their ability to carry these programs, the CRTC granted an exception to Bell Media, Corus Entertainment, and Rogers Media, along with minor companies DHX Media, CBC, Blueish Ant Media, 5, and TVA Group, for foreign programming that is received within 24 hours of its scheduled airing — provided that whatsoever hereafter airings of the same programme in prime-time incorporate descriptions.^{[23] [25]} In addition, other licensed discretionary services would be expected to air at least four hours of DV programming per-calendar week by the 4th year of their next license term.^[24]

United Kingdom [edit]

The Ofcom lawmaking on boob tube access services requires broadcasters that have been on the air for at to the lowest degree five years to broadcast at least 10% of their programming with descriptions. Scrutiny has applied fifty-fifty to ESPN UK—a sports channel—which was fined £120,000 by Ofcom for not coming together an AD quota in 2012. The regulator rejected an argument by ESPN that Advertising was redundant to commentary, as information technology is "not provided with the needs of the visually impaired in heed".^{[26] [27]}

U.s.a. [edit]

Onscreen bug used for televised Audio Clarification

Logo for Audio Clarification used in credits and covers

Initially, audio clarification was provided as a public service. However, in 2000, the Federal Communications Commission would enact a policy effective April 1, 2002, requiring the affiliates of the four major television networks in the meridian 25 markets, and television providers with more than 50,000 subscribers via the top 5 cable networks equally determined by Nielsen ratings, to offering 50 hours of programming with descriptions during primetime or children's programming per-quarter. However, the society faced a court challenge led by the MPAA, who questioned the FCC'south jurisdiction on the matter. In November 2002, the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Excursion ruled that the FCC had no statutory jurisdiction to enforce such a dominion.^{[28] [29] [30]}

This was rectified in 2010 with the passing of the Xx-First Century Communications and Video Accessibility Deed, which gave the FCC jurisdiction to enforce video description requirements. The previously-intended quotas were reinstated on July i, 2012, and accept been gradually increased to require more programming and wider participation since their implementation.^{[31] [32] [33] [34]}

Operation [edit]

Broadcast audio description is typically delivered via an alternate sound rail, either as a split up linguistic communication track containing the narration but (which, if the playback device is capable of doing so, is mixed with the primary audio rail automatically, and tin accept separate volume settings), or on a secondary audio rails pre-mixed with the primary track, such as a secondary sound programme (SAP).

In moving-picture show theaters, sound clarification tin be heard using DVS Theatrical and similar systems (including DTS-CSS and Dolby Screentalk). Users listen to the description on a wireless headset.^{[ citation needed ]}

An sound describer working in a alive theater. A small mixer and transmitter are visible, and the lit stage tin can exist seen in the distance.

In live theaters, patrons also receive the description via a wireless device, a discreet monaural receiver. All the same, the clarification is provided live by describers located in a booth acoustically insulated from the audition, only from where they have a good view of the performance. They make their description which is fed to a small radio transmitter.^[35]

Descriptive Video Service [edit]

The Descriptive Video Service (DVS) is a major United States producer of audio description. DVS oftentimes is used to describe the product itself.

In 1985, PBS fellow member television station WGBH-TV in Boston, Massachusetts, began investigating uses for the new technology of stereophonic television set dissemination, particularly multichannel goggle box sound (MTS), which allowed for a third audio channel, called the Secondary Audio Program (SAP). With a history of developing closed captioning of programs for hearing-impaired viewers, WGBH considered the viability of using the new audio channel for narrated descriptions of cardinal visual elements, much like those being washed for alive theatre in Washington, D.C., by Margaret Pfanstiehl, who had been experimenting with television set clarification as part of her Washington Ear radio reading service.

Subsequently reviewing and conducting various studies, which found that bullheaded and visually impaired people were consuming more than television than ever merely finding the activity problematic (often relying on sighted family and friends to describe for them), WGBH consulted more than closely with Pfanstiehl and her married man, Cody, then conducted its first tests of DVS in Boston in 1986. These tests (dissemination to local groups of people of various ages and visual impairments) and further study were successful enough to merit a grant from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting to complete plans to establish the DVS organization permanently in 1988. After national testing, more than feedback, more development of description technique, and boosted grants, DVS became a regular characteristic of selected PBS programming in 1990.^[36] Later on, DVS became an bachelor feature in some films and home videos, including DVDs.

Technique [edit]

DVS describers watch a program and write a script describing visual elements which are of import in understanding what is occurring at the time and the plot as a whole. For example, in the opening credit sequence of the children'due south series Arthur on PBS, the description has been performed every bit follows:

"Arthur is an 8-year-former aardvark. He wears round spectacles with thick frames over his big eyes. He has 2 round ears on peak of his oval-shaped head. He wears red sneakers and blue jeans, with a yellow sweater over a white shirt."^[37]

The length of descriptions and their placement by a producer into the program are largely dictated past what can fit in natural pauses in dialogue (other producers of description may take other priorities, such equally synchronization with the timing of a described element's appearance, which differ from DVS's priority for detail).^[38] Once recorded, placed and mixed with a copy of the original soundtrack, the DVS track is and then "laid back" to the chief tape on a separate audio runway (for broadcast on the SAP) or to its ain DVS chief (for home video). For feature films, the descriptions are not mixed with the soundtrack, but kept carve up every bit part of a DTS soundtrack.^[39]

FCC involvement [edit]

When the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) started establishing various requirements for broadcasters in larger markets to meliorate their accessibility to audiences with hearing and vision impairments,^[40] DVS branched out to not-PBS programming, and soon description could be heard on the SAP for shows such as CSI: Crime Scene Investigation and The Simpsons. However, a federal court ruled in 2002 that the Federal Communications Committee had exceeded its jurisdiction by requiring broadcasters in the elevation 25 markets to deport video description.

Since that fourth dimension, the corporeality of new DVS television programming in the United states declined, as did admission to information regarding upcoming described programming, while broadcasters like ABC and Fob instead decided to devote their SAP channels to Spanish language dubbing tracks of their shows rather than DVS due to the technical limitations of the analog NTSC standard. Clarification past DVS and other producers was still available in a express form on idiot box (the greatest percentage of DVS programming is still on PBS).^[41] WGBH's Media Access Group continues supporting description of feature films (known as DVS Theatrical)^[42] and DVS home videos/DVDs are available from WGBH as well as other vendors and libraries.^[43] Commercial caption providers the National Captioning Establish and CaptionMax take also begun to describe programs. Do good Media, Inc., a subsidiary of DuArt Film and Video in New York City provides DVS services to USA Network. For the 2016 Summer Olympics, NBC is providing description of events during the network's primetime block.^[44]

The 21st Century Communications and Video Accessibility Act of 2010 reinstates the FCC's involvement in providing rules for video description. Under the rules, affiliates in the top 25 markets and the top 5-rated cable networks volition have to provide at to the lowest degree 50 hours of video described programming per quarter; the rules took effect on July 1, 2012.^[45] All the same, this provision currently does not use to syndicated programming; notably, many programs which have audio description in their network runs, such as those produced by Twentieth Century Pull a fast one on Boob tube, remove the DVS track for syndication, substituting in the Spanish dubbing track on SAP to attain more viewers, though as many stations affiliated with "netlets" similar The CW and MyNetworkTV are not nether the video description provision, do non take SAP channels and thus, neither an audio description or Castilian dub track tin can be heard. In some markets where SAP is activated on affiliate stations though, The CW had provided a Spanish SAP dub for Jane the Virgin through the series' entire run, and audio description is available and passed through for their Sabbatum morning 1 Magnificent Morning E/I block, which is done for all of the blocks produced for the major broadcast networks by Litton Entertainment. In 2019, the showtime primetime series with DVS for the network, In the Dark (which has a blind protagonist), was launched (the series' description propagated to its Netflix run several weeks after it was placed on that service after the first-season finale). MyNetworkTV has no provisions for audio clarification or language dub tracks, despite many of its scripted series having DVS tracks.

Online streaming services such as Hulu and the services of television networks themselves such as CBS All Access have nonetheless to comport descriptive video service sound in most cases every bit they instead are currently focused on calculation closed captioning to their libraries (the network app for ABC began to behave existing audio described shows in the fall of 2017). Netflix committed in April 2015 to begin audio description of their original series, starting with Daredevil (which features a bullheaded protagonist with other heightened senses) and the remainder of their original programming in the side by side few months, making their goal in that timeframe, along with providing the DVS tracks of existing series in their library; withal some platforms (mainly older versions for devices that are now unsupported) do not provide the alternating audio.^[46]

ABC, along with sister network Disney Aqueduct has since added sound description to some of their programming (with a commensurate decline in Spanish-dubbed programming, though the ATSC standard allows more than audio channels), but does not contract any of their shows to exist described by the Media Access Group, instead going with commercial providers CaptionMax and Audio Eyes. Some special programming such as Toy Story of Terror! and Toy Story That Time Forgot is described by the Media Access Group nether existing contracts with Walt Disney Pictures. NBC and their associated cable networks, forth with outside productions past Universal Telly such equally Brooklyn 9-9 and The Mindy Projection, solely apply CaptionMax for clarification services; Netflix also utilizes CaptionMax for their original series, while going per studio for acquired programming. Most scripted programming on Fox, except for the shows of Gordon Ramsay (Hell'southward Kitchen, Hotel Hell and Kitchen Nightmares) is described by the Media Access Grouping; Ramsay's programs are contracted by his producing studio to have audio description done by Scottish-born voiceover creative person Mhairi Morrison with Descriptive Video Works. Unique to well-nigh described shows, Fob's Empire uses actress Adrienne Barbeau for their clarification. CBS's described shows all apply the Media Access Grouping.

Some shows take lost their DVS during their original network runs due to outside factors or complications. For example, American Dad! had a 2-season interregnum in part of season 12 and all of season 13 without any DVS service during its move from Fox to TBS in late 2014, before information technology returned in November 2016 for its fourteenth season. The Mindy Project lost DVS at the get-go of their fourth flavour upon the movement to Hulu, which does not nevertheless provide DVS service. Cartoon Network and their time-share partner Adult Swim began to pass-through DVS for their syndicated content in the last quarter of 2018.

Regular U.S. series with DVS available [edit]

ABC: ^{[45] [47] [48]}

• Beyond the Tank
• Blackness-ish
• Card Sharks (current primetime revival)
• Glory Family Feud
• For the People
• The Goldbergs
• Fresh Off the Gunkhole
• Jeopardy! The Greatest of All Time
• Litton's Weekend Adventure (all six programs)
• The Eye
• Mistresses
• Mod Family
• Press Your Luck (electric current primetime revival)
• Ten Days in the Valley
• The Real O'Neals
• Secrets and Lies
• Shark Tank

Developed Swim:

• American Dad (reruns)
• Bob's Burgers (reruns)
• Family Guy (reruns)

CBS: ^{[45] [47] [49]}

• The Amazing Race
• The Big Bang Theory
• Blue Bloods
• CBS Dream Team (all half dozen programs)
• Criminal Minds
• NCIS
• NCIS: Los Angeles
• NCIS: New Orleans

The CW: ^[47]

• In the Dark
• 1 Magnificent Morning (all six programs)

Disney Aqueduct: ^{[45] [47] [fifty]}

• Arrogance described programming on a specific schedule

Play tricks: ^{[45] [47] [51]}

• American Grit
• BH90210 (2019 Beverly Hills, 90210 reunion series)
• Bob's Burgers
• Bones
• Coupled
• Empire
• Family Guy
• Gotham
• Hell's Kitchen
• Home Complimentary
• Houdini & Doyle
• Hotel Hell
• The Last Man on Earth
• Match
• MasterChef
• MasterChef Junior
• New Girl
• The Resident
• Rosewood
• The Simpsons
• Scream Queens
• Sleepy Hollow
• Wayward Pines
• The Ten-Files (seasons ten & eleven)

History: ^{[47] [52]}

• Alone
• American Pickers
• American Restoration
• Billion Dollar Wreck
• Counting Cars
• Iron & Fire
• Pawn Stars

NBC: ^{[45] [47] [53]}

• American Ninja Warrior
• A.P. Bio
• Brooklyn Nine-9 (all seasons on Play tricks and NBC, also available through TBS reruns)
• Chicago Burn down
• Chicago Med
• Chicago PD
• Grimm
• The More You Know (all six programs; Saturday morning; DVS likewise carried during Sunday Cozi Idiot box re-air in some markets)
• Law & Order: Special Victims Unit of measurement
• Superstore
• Volition & Grace (revival serial, season 9-)

Netflix:

• Netflix maintains a list of programming and films available with sound description tracks (or view hither)

Nickelodeon: ^{[45] [47] [54]}

• Blaze and the Monster Machines
• Chimera Guppies
• Dora and Friends: Into the City!
• Mutt & Stuff
• Manus Patrol
• Shimmer and Shine
• SpongeBob SquarePants
• Team Umizoomi
• Wallykazam!

PBS: ^[47]

• America's Heartland
• American Feel
• Angelina Ballerina: The Next Steps
• Arthur
• Bob the Architect
• The Cat in the Chapeau Knows a Lot Most That!
• Clifford the Big Red Canis familiaris
• Creative Living with Sheryl Borden
• Curious George
• Cyberchase
• Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood
• Dinosaur Train
• Frontline
• Globe Trekker
• Hometime
• Martha Speaks
• Masterpiece
• Maya & Miguel
• Mister Rogers' Neighborhood
• Molly of Denali
• Nature
• Nova
• Odd Squad
• Peg + True cat
• Poldark
• Roadtrip Nation
• Secrets of the Dead
• Sesame Street
• Sid the Scientific discipline Kid
• Just Ming
• Super Why!
• Thomas & Friends
• Wolf Hall
• WordWorld

Syfy: ^[47]

• Some movies

TBS: ^{[45] [47] [55]}

• two Broke Girls (reruns)
• American Dad!
• Angie Tribeca
• The Large Bang Theory (reruns)
• Family Guy (reruns)
• Separation Anxiety
• Wrecked
• Several movies

Telemundo (Castilian): ^[47]

• Mi Telemundo (all 6 programs; Saturday morning time; all dubbed in Spanish)

TNT: ^{[45] [47] [56]}

• Castle (reruns)
• Grimm (reruns)
• Law & Social club (reruns)
• Rizzoli & Isles
• Several movies

Turner Classic Movies: ^[47]

• Diverse films, listed on WGBH's DVS folio on TCM (may not exist up to date)

U.s. Network: ^{[45] [47] [57]}

• Colony
• CSI: Law-breaking Scene Investigation (reruns)
• Donny!
• Law & Lodge: Special Victims Unit (reruns)
• Modern Family (reruns)
• Motive
• Mr. Robot
• NCIS (reruns)
• NCIS: Los Angeles (reruns)
• Playing House
• Imperial Pains
• Suits
• Some movies

See also [edit]

• TheatreVision
• Radio drama
• Novelization

References [edit]

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2. ^ "From visual to auditory – audio descriptions with the tour guide system". www.bmsaudio.com. 2020-06-17. Retrieved 2020-06-xx .
3. ^ ^{a b c} Ellis, Katie (2019-02-01). Disability and Digital Idiot box Cultures: Representation, Access, and Reception. Routledge. ISBN9781317627845.
4. ^ "Airtight-Captioning for Boston News". The New York Times. Associated Printing. 1985-12-28. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2019-04-22 .
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8. ^ ^{a b} Scott, Tracy L. "Stars lend voices to assist blind viewers". Chicago Tribune . Retrieved 2019-04-22 .
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23. ^ ^{a b} "Phone call for comments on an amendment proposed by Bell Media Inc., Corus Amusement Inc. and Rogers Media Inc. to their status of licence that requires prime time programming to be circulate with described video". CRTC. 2019-03-11. Retrieved 2019-04-24 .
24. ^ ^{a b c} "Allow's Talk Boob tube - Navigating the Route Ahead - Making informed choices about television providers and improving accessibility to television programming". CRTC. 2015-03-26. Retrieved 2019-04-22 .
25. ^ Canadian Radio-tv set and Telecommunications Commission (December 3, 2019). "Broadcasting Regulatory Policy CRTC 2019-392: Amendment proposed past Bell Media Inc., Corus Amusement Inc. and Rogers Media Inc. to their condition of licence that requires prime fourth dimension programming to exist broadcast with described video". Retrieved January 26, 2020.
26. ^ "ESPN United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland fined £120,000 by Ofcom". BBC News. 2014-05-23. Retrieved 2020-02-02 .
27. ^ "Changing the channel on Audio Clarification". Policy Forum. 2018-05-xxx. Retrieved 2020-02-02 .
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29. ^ "Court Nixes FCC'due south Video Description". The Edwardsville Intelligencer. 2002-11-08. Retrieved 2019-04-22 .
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34. ^ Wattles, Jackie (2017-07-12). "FCC to require more than shows be aired with video descriptions to aid the blind". CNNMoney . Retrieved 2019-04-16 .
35. ^ "Enjoying theatre, museums, galleries and movie theatre". Australia: Vision Commonwealth of australia. Retrieved ten December 2012. ^{[ permanent dead link ]}
36. ^ The Evolution of the Descriptive Video Service
37. ^ WGBH - Media Access Group - ABCs of DVS
38. ^ Most AudioVision
39. ^ WGBH - Media Access Grouping - DVS FAQ
40. ^ "The Entrada for WGBH Educational Foundation".
41. ^ [1] ^{[ permanent dead link ]}
42. ^ "MoPix – Motion Picture Access". Archived from the original on 2007-05-13. Retrieved 2019-xi-16 .
43. ^ WGBH - Media Access Grouping - DVS Home Video
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46. ^ "Netflix Begins Audio Description for Visually Impaired" (Press release). Netflix corporate blog. 14 Apr 2015. Archived from the original on v Apr 2016. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
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48. ^ "Sound Clarification". ABC.com . Retrieved April 4, 2016.
49. ^ "Closed Captioning Practices". CBS . Retrieved July iii, 2012.
50. ^ "July Video Descriptive Episodes". Disney . Retrieved July 3, 2012.
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52. ^ "HISTORY Video Descriptive Evidence Schedule". A&E Networks . Retrieved Oct 15, 2015.
53. ^ "Schedule". NBC.com . Retrieved July 3, 2012.
54. ^ "Nickelodeon Audio Described Television receiver Schedule". Nick.com . Retrieved July 3, 2012.
55. ^ "Television Schedule". TBS.com . Retrieved July 1, 2015.
56. ^ "TNT DVS Schedule". TNTDrama.com . Retrieved July 1, 2015.
57. ^ "Accessibility at U.s. Network". USANetwork.com . Retrieved July 3, 2012.

Bibliography [edit]

1. Cronin, Barry J. Ph.D. and Robertson King, Sharon, MA. "The Evolution of the Descriptive Video Service", Report for the National Eye to Ameliorate Practice. Retrieved on July 30, 2007.
2. "The ABC'due south of DVS", WGBH - Media Access Group. Retrieved on July thirty, 2007.
3. "Our Inclusive Arroyo", AudioVision. Retrieved on July 30, 2007.
4. DVS FAQ, WGBH - Media Admission Group. Retrieved on July 30, 2007.
5. "Media Access Guide Volume 3", WGBH - Media Access Group. Retrieved on July thirty, 2007.
6. "ACB Argument on Video Description" American Council for the Blind Legislative Seminar 2006, Feb one, 2006. Retrieved from Audio Clarification International on July xxx, 2007.
7. List of PBS serial with DVS, August 2007 ^{[ permanent dead link ]} , WGBH - Media Access Grouping. Retrieved on July 30, 2007.
8. Homepage, MoPix. Retrieved on July 30, 2007.
9. "DVS Abode Video" WGBH - Media Access Grouping. Retrieved on July thirty, 2007.

Farther reading [edit]

• Hirvonen, Maija: Multimodal Representation and Intermodal Similarity: Cues of Infinite in the Audio Clarification of Moving-picture show. (Ph.D. thesis.) University of Helsinki, 2014. ISBN 978-951-51-0368-0. On-line version.

External links [edit]

This audio file was created from a revision of this article dated 16 July 2007 (2007-07-16), and does not reverberate subsequent edits.

Full general [edit]

• "Description Cardinal for Educational Media" past The Described and Captioned Media Programme
• ACB's Sound Description Project
• Audio Description Associates
• Audio Description for Blind and Visually Impaired
• "Who's Watching? A Profile of the Blind and Visually Dumb Audition for Television and Video"
• List of UK audio described programmes on Goggle box
• List of UK audio described DVDs
• Joe Clark on audio description
• East-Inclusion Research Network
• Media Access Australia: Audio Description
• VocalEyes, UK audio clarification charity, providing access to the arts for bullheaded and partially sighted people
• Audiodescription-france.org (in French)
• Audio Clarification Association (Hong Kong)
• In the US:
  • WGBH - Media Access Group - DVS Services
  • The Sound Description Project
  • Schedule of USA Audio Described Telly Programs, Produced by the American Quango of the Blind'south Audio Clarification Project
  • Metropolitan Washington Ear
  • Sound tracks of DVS version of Masterpiece Theatre'south "Current of air In the Willows" (regional restrictions may utilize)
  • Poems written from a transcribed DVS version of Basic Instinct via Triple Awning (online mag)

Examples of sound description [edit]

• adp.acb.org/samples.html
• world wide web.audiodescribe.com/samples/
• world wide web.artbeyondsight.org/handbook/acs-verbalsamples.shtml
• Description of Neighbours ^{[ permanent dead link ]} and The Motorman ^{[ permanent expressionless link ]} from the National Film Board of Canada (QuickTime)

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_description

Posted by: crusedowasobod.blogspot.com

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